Outcomes in COVID-19 budesonide studies
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
All studies 45% 3
8,751
Improvement, Studies, Patients Relative Risk, 95% CI Mortality 39% 1
1,586
Ventilation 6% 1
1,560
ICU admission 52% 1
1,550
Recovery 43% 2
1,995
Cases 33% 1
7,019
RCTs 62% 2
1,732
Peer-reviewed 62% 2
1,732
Prophylaxis 33% 1
7,019
Early 82% 1
146
Late 39% 1
1,586
Budesonide for COVID-19 c19budesonide.com Dec 7, 2021
Favors budesonide
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Ramakrishnan (RCT) 82%
0.18 [0.04-0.79]
hosp./ER
2/73
11/73
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2 ​ = 0.00; I​2 ​ = 0.0%
Early treatment 82%
0.18 [0.04-0.79]
2/73
11/73
82% improvement Yu (RCT) 39%
0.61 [0.22-1.67]
death
6/787
10/799
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2 ​ = 0.00; I​2 ​ = 0.0%
Late treatment 39%
0.61 [0.22-1.67]
6/787
10/799
39% improvement Lee 33%
0.67 [0.42-1.08]
cases
19/1,674
95/5,345
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2 ​ = 0.00; I​2 ​ = 0.0%
Prophylaxis 33%
0.67 [0.42-1.08]
19/1,674
95/5,345
33% improvement All studies 45%
0.55 [0.31-0.98]
27/2,534
116/6,217
45% improvement 3 budesonide COVID-19 studies c19budesonide.com Dec 7, 2021
Tau​2 ​ = 0.08; I​2 ​ = 27.1%; Z = 2.01
Effect extraction pre-specified
Favors budesonide
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Yu (RCT) 39%
0.61 [0.22-1.67]
6/787
10/799
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2 ​ = 0.00; I​2 ​ = 0.0%
Late treatment 39%
0.61 [0.22-1.67]
6/787
10/799
39% improvement All studies 39%
0.61 [0.22-1.67]
6/787
10/799
39% improvement 1 budesonide COVID-19 mortality result c19budesonide.com Dec 7, 2021
Tau​2 ​ = 0.00; I​2 ​ = 0.0%; Z = 0.96
Favors budesonide
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Yu (RCT) 6%
0.94 [0.44-1.98]
13/776
14/784
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2 ​ = 0.00; I​2 ​ = 0.0%
Late treatment 6%
0.94 [0.44-1.98]
13/776
14/784
6% improvement All studies 6%
0.94 [0.44-1.99]
13/776
14/784
6% improvement 1 budesonide COVID-19 mechanical ventilation result c19budesonide.com Dec 7, 2021
Tau​2 ​ = 0.00; I​2 ​ = 0.0%; Z = 0.16
Favors budesonide
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Yu (RCT) 52%
0.48 [0.23-1.01]
10/771
21/779
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2 ​ = 0.00; I​2 ​ = 0.0%
Late treatment 52%
0.48 [0.23-1.01]
10/771
21/779
52% improvement All studies 52%
0.48 [0.23-1.01]
10/771
21/779
52% improvement 1 budesonide COVID-19 ICU result c19budesonide.com Dec 7, 2021
Tau​2 ​ = 0.00; I​2 ​ = 0.0%; Z = 1.93
Favors budesonide
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Ramakrishnan (RCT) 82%
0.18 [0.04-0.79]
hosp./ER
2/73
11/73
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2 ​ = 0.00; I​2 ​ = 0.0%
Early treatment 82%
0.18 [0.04-0.79]
2/73
11/73
82% improvement Yu (RCT) 39%
0.61 [0.22-1.67]
death
6/787
10/799
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2 ​ = 0.00; I​2 ​ = 0.0%
Late treatment 39%
0.61 [0.22-1.67]
6/787
10/799
39% improvement All studies 62%
0.38 [0.12-1.20]
8/860
21/872
62% improvement 2 budesonide COVID-19 serious outcomes c19budesonide.com Dec 7, 2021
Tau​2 ​ = 0.32; I​2 ​ = 43.4%; Z = 1.65
Effect extraction pre-specified
Favors budesonide
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Ramakrishnan (RCT) 67%
0.33 [0.15-0.72]
no recov.
7/70
21/69
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2 ​ = 0.00; I​2 ​ = 0.0%
Early treatment 67%
0.33 [0.15-0.72]
7/70
21/69
67% improvement Yu (RCT) 17%
0.83 [0.74-0.93]
recov. time
787 (n)
1,069 (n)
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2 ​ = 0.00; I​2 ​ = 0.0%
Late treatment 17%
0.83 [0.74-0.93]
0/787
0/1,069
17% improvement All studies 43%
0.57 [0.23-1.38]
7/857
21/1,138
43% improvement 2 budesonide COVID-19 recovery results c19budesonide.com Dec 7, 2021
Tau​2 ​ = 0.34; I​2 ​ = 80.6%; Z = 1.25
Favors budesonide
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Lee 33%
0.67 [0.42-1.08]
19/1,674
95/5,345
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2 ​ = 0.00; I​2 ​ = 0.0%
Prophylaxis 33%
0.67 [0.42-1.08]
19/1,674
95/5,345
33% improvement All studies 33%
0.67 [0.41-1.10]
19/1,674
95/5,345
33% improvement 1 budesonide COVID-19 case result c19budesonide.com Dec 7, 2021
Tau​2 ​ = 0.00; I​2 ​ = 0.0%; Z = 1.58
Favors budesonide
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Ramakrishnan (RCT) 82%
0.18 [0.04-0.79]
hosp./ER
2/73
11/73
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2 ​ = 0.00; I​2 ​ = 0.0%
Early treatment 82%
0.18 [0.04-0.79]
2/73
11/73
82% improvement Yu (RCT) 39%
0.61 [0.22-1.67]
death
6/787
10/799
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2 ​ = 0.00; I​2 ​ = 0.0%
Late treatment 39%
0.61 [0.22-1.67]
6/787
10/799
39% improvement All studies 62%
0.38 [0.12-1.20]
8/860
21/872
62% improvement 2 budesonide COVID-19 Randomized Controlled Trials c19budesonide.com Dec 7, 2021
Tau​2 ​ = 0.32; I​2 ​ = 43.4%; Z = 1.65
Effect extraction pre-specified
Favors budesonide
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Yu (RCT) 39%
0.61 [0.22-1.67]
6/787
10/799
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2 ​ = 0.00; I​2 ​ = 0.0%
Late treatment 39%
0.61 [0.22-1.67]
6/787
10/799
39% improvement All studies 39%
0.61 [0.22-1.67]
6/787
10/799
39% improvement 1 budesonide COVID-19 RCT mortality result c19budesonide.com Dec 7, 2021
Tau​2 ​ = 0.00; I​2 ​ = 0.0%; Z = 0.96
Favors budesonide
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Ramakrishnan (RCT) 82%
0.18 [0.04-0.79]
hosp./ER
2/73
11/73
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2 ​ = 0.00; I​2 ​ = 0.0%
Early treatment 82%
0.18 [0.04-0.79]
2/73
11/73
82% improvement Yu (RCT) 39%
0.61 [0.22-1.67]
death
6/787
10/799
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2 ​ = 0.00; I​2 ​ = 0.0%
Late treatment 39%
0.61 [0.22-1.67]
6/787
10/799
39% improvement All studies 62%
0.38 [0.12-1.20]
8/860
21/872
62% improvement 2 budesonide COVID-19 peer reviewed trials c19budesonide.com Dec 7, 2021
Tau​2 ​ = 0.32; I​2 ​ = 43.4%; Z = 1.65
Effect extraction pre-specified
Favors budesonide
Favors control
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Ramakrishnan (RCT) 82%
0.18 [0.04-0.79]
hosp./ER
2/73
11/73
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Ramakrishnan (RCT) 90%
0.10 [0.01-0.75]
hosp./ER
1/70
10/69
Ramakrishnan (RCT) 67%
0.33 [0.15-0.72]
no recov.
7/70
21/69
Yu (RCT) 39%
0.61 [0.22-1.67]
death
6/787
10/799
Yu (RCT) 6%
0.94 [0.44-1.98]
ventilation
13/776
14/784
Yu (RCT) 52%
0.48 [0.23-1.01]
ICU
10/771
21/779
Yu (RCT) 25%
0.75 [0.55-1.03]
hosp./death
72/787
116/1,069
Yu (RCT) 17%
0.83 [0.74-0.93]
recov. time
787 (n)
1,069 (n)
Lee 33%
0.67 [0.42-1.08]
cases
19/1,674
95/5,345
budesonide COVID-19 outcomes c19budesonide.com Dec 7, 2021
Favors budesonide
Favors control
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments.
Vaccines and treatments are both extremely valuable and complementary. All
practical, effective, and safe means should be used. Elimination of COVID-19
is a race against viral evolution. No treatment, vaccine, or intervention is
100% available and effective for all current and future variants. Denying the
efficacy of any method increases the risk of COVID-19 becoming endemic; and
increases mortality, morbidity, and collateral damage. We do not provide
medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician
who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based
on your medical history and situation. Treatment protocols for physicians are
available from the FLCCC .
Thanks for your feedback! Please search before submitting papers and note
that studies are listed under the date they were first available, which may be
the date of an earlier preprint.
Submit
