Statistically significant lower risk is seen for mortality, ICU admission, hospitalization, progression, and recovery. 10 studies from 10 independent teams in 7 countries show statistically significant improvements.
Meta analysis using the most serious outcome reported shows 29% [17‑39%] lower risk. Results are similar for Randomized Controlled Trials, higher quality studies, and peer-reviewed studies. Early treatment is more effective than late treatment.
Results are robust — in exclusion sensitivity analysis 10 of 14 studies must be excluded to avoid finding statistically significant efficacy in pooled analysis.
4 RCTs with 916 patients have not reported results (up to 3 years late).
Inhaler technique and adherence may significantly affect outcomes Tichopád.
No treatment or intervention is 100% effective. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. Multiple treatments are typically used in combination, and other treatments are more effective.
All data to reproduce this paper and sources are in the appendix. Yu present another meta analysis for budesonide, showing significant improvement for recovery.
Covid Analysis et al., Mar 2024, preprint, 1 author.